n8n：开源工作流自动化平台完全指南

# 创建持久化卷
docker volume create n8n_data

# 启动容器
docker run -it --rm \
  --name n8n \
  -p 5678:5678 \
  -v n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n \
  docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n

# 访问编辑器
# http://localhost:5678

version: '3'
services:
  n8n:
    image: docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n
    ports:
      - "5678:5678"
    volumes:
      - n8n_data:/home/node/.n8n
    environment:
      - N8N_SECURE_COOKIE=false
    restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
  n8n_data:

# 克隆仓库
git clone https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n.git
cd n8n

# 安装依赖
pnpm install

# 构建
pnpm build

# 启动
pnpm start

// JavaScript 代码节点
const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
const data = $input.first().json;

// 转换数据
const transformed = {
  id: data.id,
  name: data.name.toUpperCase(),
  processedAt: timestamp,
  // 添加自定义逻辑
  category: data.value > 100 ? 'high' : 'low'
};

return [{ json: transformed }];

import json
from datetime import datetime

timestamp = datetime.now().isoformat()
data = $input.first().json

transformed = {
    "id": data["id"],
    "name": data["name"].upper(),
    "processedAt": timestamp,
    "category": "high" if data["value"] > 100 else "low"
}

return [{"json": transformed}]

// OpenAI ChatGPT 节点配置
{
  "resource": "chat",
  "operation": "complete",
  "model": "gpt-4",
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": "解释这段代码的功能"
    }
  ],
  "temperature": 0.7,
  "maxTokens": 500
}

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.10
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - ./traefik.yml:/traefik.yml
      - ./certs:/certs

  n8n:
    image: docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n
    environment:
      - N8N_HOST=n8n.example.com
      - N8N_PROTOCOL=https
      - WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.example.com/
    labels:
      - traefik.enable=true
      - traefik.http.routers.n8n.rule=Host(`n8n.example.com`)
      - traefik.http.routers.n8n.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt

import { INodeType, INodeTypeDescription } from 'n8n-workflow';

export class MyCustomNode implements INodeType {
  description: INodeTypeDescription = {
    displayName: 'My Custom Node',
    name: 'myCustomNode',
    icon: 'fa:rocket',
    group: ['transform'],
    version: 1,
    description: 'A custom node I built',
    defaults: {
      name: 'My Custom Node',
    },
    inputs: ['main'],
    outputs: ['main'],
    properties: [
      {
        displayName: 'API Key',
        name: 'apiKey',
        type: 'string',
        default: '',
      },
      {
        displayName: 'Operation',
        name: 'operation',
        type: 'options',
        options: [
          { name: 'Get', value: 'get' },
          { name: 'Post', value: 'post' },
        ],
        default: 'get',
      },
    ],
  };

  async execute(this: IExecuteFunctions): Promise<INodeExecutionData[][]> {
    const items = this.getInputData();
    const returnData: INodeExecutionData[] = [];

    for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
      const apiKey = this.getNodeParameter('apiKey', i) as string;
      const operation = this.getNodeParameter('operation', i) as string;

      // 执行操作
      const result = { operation, timestamp: new Date().toISOString() };
      returnData.push({ json: result });
    }

    return [returnData];
  }
}

// 错误告警工作流
const error = $json.error;
const workflowName = $workflow.name;

if (error) {
  return [{
    json: {
      alert: 'Workflow Failed',
      workflow: workflowName,
      error: error.message,
      time: new Date().toISOString()
    }
  }];
}

# docker-compose.yml for HA
services:
  n8n:
    image: docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - postgres
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15